Connoisseur antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device created in 1877 for the mechanical tracking and reproduction of sound. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as equivalent physical deviations of any spiral groove imprinted, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of the spinning disk or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and it is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the noted sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air by way of a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the movements of the stylus are changed into an analogous electronic signal by the transducer, modified back to audio by a loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors got produced devices that can record does sound, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to have the ability to reproduce the registered audio. His phonograph actually recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet twisted around a revolving cylinder. A stylus responding to acoustics vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove round the record.
Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the move from phonograph cylinders to toned discs with a spiral groove operating from the periphery to close to the center. Later improvements through the entire years included improvements to the turntable and its own drive system, the stylus or needle, and the audio and equalization systems.
The disc phonograph record was the dominant audio recording format throughout almost all of the 20th hundred years. In the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined because of the rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Data are a well liked format for a few audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of musicians are sometimes re-issued on vinyl.
Usage of terminology is not standard over the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is often called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ setup, turntables tend to be called "decks".
The term phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "words") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photo ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and phone ("distant sound"). The brand new term might have been inspired by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times carried an advertisements for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Professors Connection tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Arguably, any device used to track record audio or reproduce saved audio could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the portrayed word has come to indicate ancient solutions of sound recording, regarding audio-frequency modulations of any physical groove or track.
In the past due 19th and early 20th decades, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brand names specific to various producers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so significant use was manufactured from the generic term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and mouth - a potential way to obtain misunderstandings both and now then.
In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were launched and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed that this had become a generic term; it's been so used in the united kingdom and most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. After the advantages of the softer vinyl files, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing documents) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song documents, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such a system began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian English, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a more complex term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.
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