Best Antique Phonograph

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Bang & Olufsen antique phonograph

The phonograph is a tool invented in 1877 for the mechanical recording and reproduction of audio. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are noted as matching physical deviations of any spiral groove imprinted, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and it is therefore vibrated because of it, very faintly reproducing the noted sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air through the flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electronic signal with a transducer, turned back to audio with a loudspeaker then.

The phonograph was developed in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors got produced devices that could record sounds, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to be able to reproduce the registered audio. His phonograph at first recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a rotating cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to reasonable vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove surrounding the record.

Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove operating from the periphery to near the center. Later improvements over time included modifications to the turntable and its drive system, the needle or stylus, and the equalization and sound systems.

The disk phonograph record was the dominating audio tracking format throughout the majority of the 20th hundred years. From your mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined due to rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital taking formats. Data are a favorite format for a few audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of music artists are sometimes re-issued on vinyl.

Usage of terminology is not homogeneous across the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is often called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ installation, turntables are often called "decks".

The term phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "speech") and graphophone have similar main meanings. The roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and telephone ("distant sound"). The brand new term may have been inspired by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times carried an advert for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Educators Connection tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.

Arguably, any device used to record audio or reproduce recorded audio could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the word has come to indicate ancient technologies of reasonable saving, affecting audio-frequency modulations of the physical track or groove.

In the past due 19th and early 20th ages, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brand names specific to various manufacturers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so substantial use was made of the universal term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and mouth - a potential way to obtain misunderstanding both and now then.

In British English, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, that have been presented and popularized in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed which it had become a generic term; it's been so used in the united kingdom and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The term "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the intro of the softer vinyl fabric documents, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing records) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song data, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, may also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian English, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a more technical term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as in British English.