Luxman antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device created in 1877 for the mechanical tracking and reproduction of sound. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are documented as related physical deviations of any spiral groove etched, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of any spinning cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the top is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very reproducing the saved audio faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air via a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the motions of the stylus are changed into an analogous electric powered signal with a transducer, then turned back into sound by way of a loudspeaker.
The phonograph was developed in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors acquired produced devices that could record sounds, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to be able to reproduce the noted audio. His phonograph formerly recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a rotating cylinder. A stylus responding to appear vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove across the record.
Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the changeover from phonograph cylinders to even discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to nearby the center. Later improvements through the years included improvements to the turntable and its own drive system, the needle or stylus, and the audio and equalization systems.
The disc phonograph record was the dominating audio saving format throughout the majority of the 20th hundred years. Through the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined due to rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Files are still a well liked format for a few audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of musicians are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.
Using terminology is not homogeneous over the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is often called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ set up, turntables tend to be called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar main meanings. The roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and cell phone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been affected by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times taken an advertisement for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Teachers Association tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to track record its meetings.
Arguably, any device used to record sound or reproduce registered sound could be called a type of "phonograph", however in common practice the expressed term has come to signify ancient technologies of audio saving, including audio-frequency modulations of the physical groove or trace.
In the past due 19th and early 20th ages, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brands specific to various makers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so extensive use was manufactured from the general term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lip area - a potential way to obtain misunderstandings both and now then.
In British English, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were popularized and launched in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed that this had turn into a generic term; it has been so used in the UK and most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. Following the launch of the softer vinyl files, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song details, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, may also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian English, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a far more technological term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as with British English.
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