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The phonograph is a device invented in 1877 for the mechanised duplication and recording of audio. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are saved as corresponding physical deviations of any spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of a spinning disk or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the top is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated because of it, very reproducing the saved audio faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air by way of a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the movements of the stylus are changed into an analogous electrical power signal by the transducer, then converted back to sound by way of a loudspeaker.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors had produced devices that could record looks, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the documented audio. His phonograph formerly recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a spinning cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to acoustics vibrations produced an up and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove around the record.
Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the move from phonograph cylinders to toned discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to near to the center. Later advancements through the entire years included alterations to the turntable and its own drive system, the needle or stylus, and the sound and equalization systems.
The disk phonograph record was the dominating audio recording format throughout the majority of the 20th hundred years. From your mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply as a result of rise of the cassette tape, compact disc and other digital taking formats. Records are a popular format for a few audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are still employed by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of musicians are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.
Using terminology is not standard across the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ installation, turntables are often called "decks".
The term phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "tone of voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and cell phone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been influenced by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times carried an advertising campaign for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Instructors Connection tabled a movement to "employ a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Arguably, any device used to track record sound or reproduce recorded audio could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the expressed phrase has come to suggest traditional solutions of sound saving, involving audio-frequency modulations of a physical groove or track.
In the overdue 19th and early on 20th hundreds of years, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various designers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so extensive use was made of the common term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential source of confusion both and now then.
In British English, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, that have been popularized and unveiled in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed which it had turn into a generic term; it has been so used in the united kingdom and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. Following the advantages of the softer vinyl details, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song information, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such a system began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a more technical term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.
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linn sondek lp12 transcription turntable pristine vintage linn lp12
linn sondek lp12 transcription turntable pristine vintage linn lp12http://theused.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/0661.jpgLinn Products antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device developed in 1877 for the mechanical reproduction and recording of sound. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are noted as corresponding physical deviations of your spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of any rotating disk or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and it is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air via a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electric signal by a transducer, turned back to sound by the loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors had produced devices that could record does sound, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the noted audio. His phonograph formerly recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a spinning cylinder. A stylus responding to sensible vibrations produced an up and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove across the record.
Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to even discs with a spiral groove operating from the periphery to nearby the center. Later advancements through the full years included adjustments to the turntable and its drive system, the needle or stylus, and the sound and equalization systems.
The disk phonograph record was the prominent audio recording format throughout the majority of the 20th century. Through the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply due to rise of the cassette tape, compact disc and other digital recording formats. Files are a well liked format for some audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are still employed by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of musicians are sometimes re-issued on vinyl fabric.
Usage of terminology is not homogeneous across the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ installation, turntables are often called "decks".
The term phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and cell phone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been influenced by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which described something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times taken an advertising campaign for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Instructors Association tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to track record its meetings.
Arguably, any device used to track record sound or reproduce saved audio could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the expressed phrase has come to signify historic technology of sound recording, relating audio-frequency modulations of any physical groove or track.
In the past due 19th and early 20th centuries, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various designers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so considerable use was made of the universal term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain confusion both then and today.
In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were introduced and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed it had turn into a generic term; it has been so used in the united kingdom & most Commonwealth countries ever since. The word "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the introduction of the softer vinyl information, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing information) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song files, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, may also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more complex term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as with British English.
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