alphason antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device created in 1877 for the mechanised taking and duplication of sound. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are documented as equivalent physical deviations of any spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of your spinning cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the surface is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove which is therefore vibrated by it, very reproducing the documented sound faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through the flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electric signal by a transducer, converted back to audio by a loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was created in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors had produced devices that can record may seem, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to be able to reproduce the noted audio. His phonograph originally recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a spinning cylinder. A stylus responding to appear vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove throughout the record.
Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the move from phonograph cylinders to toned discs with a spiral groove working from the periphery to near to the center. Later advancements through the entire years included changes to the turntable and its own drive system, the needle or stylus, and the equalization and sound systems.
The disc phonograph record was the prominent audio recording format throughout the majority of the 20th century. Through the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined as a result of rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital saving formats. Information are a popular format for some audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of music artists are occasionally re-issued on vinyl fabric.
Using terminology is not even over the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is categorised as a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ installation, turntables are often called "decks".
The term phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "words") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and cell phone ("distant sound"). The brand new term might have been inspired by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times carried an advertisements for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Instructors Association tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to track record its meetings.
Arguably, any device used to record sound or reproduce documented sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the term has come to indicate historical technologies of acoustics recording, regarding audio-frequency modulations of any physical groove or trace.
In the past due 19th and early on 20th generations, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brand names specific to various manufacturers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so appreciable use was manufactured from the universal term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lip area - a potential source of confusion both and today then.
In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, which were unveiled and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed it had turn into a generic term; it has been so used in the united kingdom and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the benefits of the softer vinyl fabric data, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing documents) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song files, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such a system began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more specialized term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used such as British English.
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3A62B302CD9F6D2F98423250E6657AF7B6339A745http://www.highendaudioauctions.com/completed-sales-from-high-end-audio-auctions/page/49/
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