Connoisseur antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device invented in 1877 for the mechanical recording and duplication of audio. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are recorded as equivalent physical deviations of the spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of an spinning disc or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the top is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated because of it, very reproducing the recorded sound faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electric powered signal with a transducer, then transformed back to audio by a loudspeaker.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors acquired produced devices which could record sounds, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to have the ability to reproduce the saved audio. His phonograph at first recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet twisted around a spinning cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to sound vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove surrounding the record.
Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to even discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to near to the center. Later advancements through the entire years included improvements to the turntable and its own drive system, the stylus or needle, and the equalization and audio systems.
The disk phonograph record was the prominent audio taking format throughout almost all of the 20th century. From mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined as a result of rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disc and other digital saving formats. Records remain a well liked format for some audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of music artists are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.
Using terminology is not consistent over the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ setup, turntables are often called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "tone") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and cell phone ("distant sound"). The new term may have been affected by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times carried an advertisement for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Instructors Connection tabled a action to "employ a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to track record audio or reproduce registered sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", but in common practice the word has come to mean traditional solutions of acoustics saving, involving audio-frequency modulations of your physical trace or groove.
In the later 19th and early on 20th ages, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various makers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so appreciable use was made of the general term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain confusion both then and today.
In British English, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were popularized and released in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed that it had turn into a generic term; it's been so used in the united kingdom and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The term "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the advantages of the softer vinyl records, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song records, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more specialized term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as in British English.
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