Clearaudio Electronic antique phonograph
The phonograph is a tool created in 1877 for the mechanised saving and reproduction of audio. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are documented as corresponding physical deviations of any spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of your revolving disc or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the top is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated because of it, very faintly reproducing the recorded audio. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air by way of a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the movements of the stylus are changed into an analogous electric signal with a transducer, altered back to audio with a loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors had produced devices that may record noises, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to be able to reproduce the documented sound. His phonograph at first recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a revolving cylinder. A stylus responding to sound vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove surrounding the record.
Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the changeover from phonograph cylinders to toned discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near the center. Later improvements over time included improvements to the turntable and its drive system, the needle or stylus, and the sound and equalization systems.
The disk phonograph record was the prominent audio recording format throughout most of the 20th hundred years. From your mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined because of the rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disc and other digital tracking formats. Data are a favorite format for some audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are still utilized by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of music artists are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.
Usage of terminology is not homogeneous across the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is categorised as a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine within a DJ setup, turntables are often called "decks".
The term phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "tone") and graphophone have similar main meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and cell phone ("distant sound"). The brand new term might have been affected by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times taken an ad for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Instructors Relationship tabled a movement to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to record audio or reproduce recorded sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the term has come to mean ancient technology of sensible saving, involving audio-frequency modulations of your physical groove or track.
In the late 19th and early on 20th generations, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brands specific to various producers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so considerable use was manufactured from the generic term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lip area - a potential way to obtain misunderstanding both and today then.
In British British, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were popularized and introduced in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed it had turn into a generic term; it's been so used in the united kingdom & most Commonwealth countries ever since. The word "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the introduction of the softer vinyl fabric information, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing files) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song information, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such a system began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a far more complex term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.
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