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Luxman antique phonograph
The phonograph is a tool invented in 1877 for the mechanised reproduction and saving of audio. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as related physical deviations of any spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of an spinning disk or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the top is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and it is therefore vibrated by it, very reproducing the registered audio faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air via a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the motions of the stylus are converted into an analogous electronic signal by way of a transducer, turned back into audio by the loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors had produced devices that could record may seem, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the recorded sound. His phonograph at first recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet twisted around a revolving cylinder. A stylus responding to acoustics vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove round the record.
Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to even discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to close to the center. Later advancements through the years included changes to the turntable and its own drive system, the needle or stylus, and the equalization and sound systems.
The disk phonograph record was the dominant audio tracking format throughout almost all of the 20th century. Through the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined because of the rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Details are a favorite format for a few audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are still used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of musicians are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.
Usage of terminology is not consistent over the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is often called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ setup, turntables tend to be called "decks".
The term phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "tone of voice") and graphophone have similar main meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and phone ("distant sound"). The new term may have been affected by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which described something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times taken an advertising campaign for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Instructors Association tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Arguably, any device used to track record audio or reproduce registered audio could be called a type of "phonograph", but in common practice the portrayed phrase has come to indicate historical solutions of sound saving, including audio-frequency modulations of the physical trace or groove.
In the past due 19th and early 20th hundreds of years, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various designers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so appreciable use was made of the generic term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential source of confusion both then and today.
In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were popularized and released in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed so it had become a generic term; it has been so used in the united kingdom & most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. Following the benefits of the softer vinyl fabric files, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song files, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, may also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a more complex term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.
Victor Talking Machine Phonograph Turntable Record Hold Down Nut
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