Columbia Phonograph Company antique phonograph
The phonograph is a tool invented in 1877 for the mechanised reproduction and saving of sound. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are documented as related physical deviations of a spiral groove imprinted, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of the revolving disc or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the top is likewise rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated by it, very reproducing the noted sound faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air through a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the motions of the stylus are changed into an analogous electrical signal by the transducer, modified back to audio by way of a loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was developed in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors had produced devices that may record looks, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the saved sound. His phonograph originally recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a spinning cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to appear vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove throughout the record.
Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the move from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove working from the periphery to nearby the center. Later advancements through the entire years included changes to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, and the equalization and audio systems.
The disk phonograph record was the dominant audio saving format throughout almost all of the 20th hundred years. Through the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined due to rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disc and other digital recording formats. Information are a favorite format for a few audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are still used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of music artists are re-issued on vinyl fabric sometimes.
Usage of terminology is not uniform over the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is named a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ setup, turntables are often called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "tone of voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and cell phone ("distant sound"). The brand new term may have been inspired by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times transported an advertisement for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Instructors Association tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to record audio or reproduce documented sound could be called a type of "phonograph", but in common practice the expressed expression has come to mean historic technology of audio saving, including audio-frequency modulations of a physical trace or groove.
In the later 19th and early on 20th centuries, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brand names specific to various designers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so extensive use was manufactured from the generic term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential source of confusion both then and today.
In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, that have been popularized and introduced in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed which it had become a generic term; it's been so used in the UK and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The term "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. Following the launch of the softer vinyl information, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing information) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song details, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a far more technological term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used such as British English.
Lot 847: Columbia Phonograph Co. Graphophone
http://caseantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/auctions/2015_07_18/847_1.jpg359: Columbia Disc Phonograph. : Lot 359
http://p2.la-img.com/249/28479/10927811_1_l.jpgAntique Victor Victrola Phonograph Talking Machine, Co. Camden, N. J
http://thumbs.picclick.com/00/s/MTIwMFgxNjAw/z/YRsAAOxyY3ZRjtR3/$T2eC16h,!)UE9s3wEgQ9BRjtR4EBhQ~~/Antique-Victor-Victrola-Phonograph-Talking-Machine-Co-Camden-_57.jpgHarrison Furniture Company: Columbia Grafonola Cabinet Phonograph
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_FDnQQ3seTy43z2qR4z92xXZTijmjCJ3obOy7aFvmsR0OdOnPT5KKptHOU2WDJP7PrVH82fAH1z_fkosX-SkLCsHq_H623nbym6XjmyslEp_SEflBJ6rLvuzuM83V3eyRbWqPFOhrwrU/s1600/IMAGE_4847D703-B5D5-455D-BBC5-5304C845BE2A.JPGOIP.Mf963740afc47fc669ecade4ed44eafd3o0
9AC23C722D71E417B66DF047F0BC2EB8BEB48A8FEhttp://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/the-graphophone-cj-heppe-son-philadelphia-col-307a-c-1134558a48
Embed Our image to your website
ThumbnailImageEmbed Our image to a Forum
ThumbnailImage
