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COLUMBIA GRAPHOPHONE TABLETOP PHONOGRAPH : Lot 1096

Posted by : Laila August 11, 2016

COLUMBIA GRAPHOPHONE TABLETOP PHONOGRAPH : Lot 1096http://p2.la-img.com/209/45174/20651975_1_l.jpg

Columbia Graphophone Company antique phonograph

The phonograph is a tool developed in 1877 for the mechanised saving and duplication of audio. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are noted as corresponding physical deviations of any spiral groove etched, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a revolving disc or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the surface is likewise rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the saved audio. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air by having a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the movements of the stylus are changed into an analogous electric powered signal with a transducer, changed back into audio by a loudspeaker then.

The phonograph was created in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors possessed produced devices that could record does sound, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the registered audio. His phonograph actually recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a revolving cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to sound vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove around the record.

Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the changeover from phonograph cylinders to chiseled discs with a spiral groove working from the periphery to nearby the center. Later improvements through the entire years included alterations to the turntable and its own drive system, the needle or stylus, and the audio and equalization systems.

The disc phonograph record was the prominent audio tracking format throughout almost all of the 20th century. From mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply due to rise of the cassette tape, compact disc and other digital recording formats. Records are a popular format for some audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of musicians are occasionally re-issued on vinyl.

Using terminology is not consistent over the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is often called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixing machine within a DJ installation, turntables tend to be called "decks".

The word phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "tone of voice") and graphophone have similar main meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and mobile phone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been influenced by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times transported an advertisements for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Teachers Association tabled a motion to "hire a phonographic recorder" to track record its meetings.

Arguably, any device used to record audio or reproduce recorded audio could be called a type of "phonograph", however in common practice the term has come to indicate historical solutions of reasonable recording, concerning audio-frequency modulations of a physical groove or trace.

In the late 19th and early 20th ages, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brands specific to various producers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so substantial use was manufactured from the common term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain confusion both then and now.

In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, that have been presented and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed it had turn into a generic term; it has been so used in the united kingdom and most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines which used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. Following the advantages of the softer vinyl fabric information, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing data) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song data, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more technical term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as with British English.