Denon antique phonograph
The phonograph is a tool created in 1877 for the mechanised duplication and taking of audio. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are documented as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove etched, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of your revolving cylinder or disk, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the surface is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and it is therefore vibrated by it, very reproducing the recorded audio faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air via a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the movements of the stylus are changed into an analogous electro-mechanical signal by way of a transducer, then turned back to sound by way of a loudspeaker.
The phonograph was developed in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors got produced devices that could record does sound, Edison's phonograph was the first to have the ability to reproduce the recorded sound. His phonograph at first recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a rotating cylinder. A stylus responding to appear vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove around the record.
Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to smooth discs with a spiral groove working from the periphery to near the center. Later improvements through the years included alterations to the turntable and its own drive system, the stylus or needle, and the equalization and audio systems.
The disk phonograph record was the prominent audio saving format throughout the majority of the 20th hundred years. In the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply due to rise of the cassette tape, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Records are still a well liked format for a few audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of music artists are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.
Using terminology is not homogeneous across the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ installation, turntables tend to be called "decks".
The term phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "speech") and graphophone have similar main meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and phone ("distant sound"). The new term may have been inspired by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times taken an ad for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Educators Relationship tabled a movement to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Arguably, any device used to track record audio or reproduce recorded sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", but in common practice the word has come to suggest historic technologies of reasonable tracking, concerning audio-frequency modulations of any physical track or groove.
In the late 19th and early 20th hundreds of years, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various producers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so appreciable use was manufactured from the universal term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain misunderstanding both and today then.
In British English, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, which were popularized and presented in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed which it had become a generic term; it's been so used in the UK & most Commonwealth countries since. The word "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. Following the advantages of the softer vinyl fabric files, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing documents) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song details, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a more technological term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used such as British English.
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