#menujohanes{ width: 100%; /* panjang menu */ margin: auto; /* posisi menu auto */ background: #fafafa; /* warna background */ height: 49px; /*tinggi menu*/ -moz-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-transform: uppercase; /* Huruf besar */ box-shadow: 0px 3px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); z-index: 99;} #menujohanes ul{ list-style-type: none; z-index: 9; width: 1000px; /* panjang menu */ margin: auto;} #menujohanes ul li{ float: left; position: relative; padding: 12px; -moz-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;} #menujohanes ul li:hover{ background:#557FFF; /* warna background ketika diarahkan*/ box-shadow: 0px 3px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);} #menujohanes ul li a:hover { color:#fafafa;} /* warna text ketika diarahkan */ #menujohanes ul li a{ color: #666; /* warna text */ padding: 0 10px; line-height:25px; font-size:11px; /* ukuran text */ display:block; text-decoration:none; -moz-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; text-shadow: 0px 2px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);} #menujohanes ul li ul li{float: none;position: relative;} #menujohanes ul li ul{ position: absolute; top:49px; left:0; display: none; box-shadow: inset 0 4px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 1px 0 #ddd,0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); width:150px; border-radius: 0px 0px 5px 5px; background: #fff;} #menujohanes ul li:hover > ul{display: block;} #menujohanes ul li ul li a{line-height:25px;} #menujohanes ul li ul li ul{ position: absolute; top:0; left:150px; display: none; box-shadow:0 1px 0 #ddd,0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-radius:5px; width:150px; background: #fff;} #menujohanes ul li.selected{color: #000;border-left: 1px solid #ddd;border-right: 1px solid #ddd;}
Posted by : Laila August 27, 2016

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Michell antique phonograph

The phonograph is a tool created in 1877 for the mechanical tracking and reproduction of sound. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are documented as corresponding physical deviations of any spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of your rotating cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the top is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the noted audio. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air by using a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the motions of the stylus are converted into an analogous electro-mechanical signal by the transducer, then modified back to sound with a loudspeaker.

The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors possessed produced devices that may record sounds, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to be able to reproduce the registered sound. His phonograph formerly recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a revolving cylinder. A stylus responding to sensible vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove surrounding the record.

Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the changeover from phonograph cylinders to toned discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to near the center. Later advancements through the years included alterations to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, and the audio and equalization systems.

The disk phonograph record was the dominating audio tracking format throughout almost all of the 20th century. In the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined because of the rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disc and other digital saving formats. Files are a favorite format for a few audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of music artists are occasionally re-issued on vinyl.

Using terminology is not uniform over the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ set up, turntables tend to be called "decks".

The term phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "words") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and mobile phone ("distant sound"). The brand new term may have been influenced by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times carried an advertisement for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Professors Association tabled a movement to "employ a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.

Probably, any device used to record audio or reproduce registered sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", but in common practice the expressed phrase has come to imply historical technologies of sound recording, concerning audio-frequency modulations of an physical track or groove.

In the later 19th and early on 20th centuries, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various makers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so sizeable use was made of the general term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain confusion both then and now.

In British British, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were popularized and launched in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed it had become a generic term; it's been so used in the united kingdom & most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines that used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. Following the benefits of the softer vinyl fabric records, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing files) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song information, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a more complex term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used such as British English.

Antique Phonographs, Photos Gramophones, Victrolas, Photos

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Acoustic iPhone Speaker Dock w/ Antique Phonograph by ReAcoustic, $547

Acoustic iPhone Speaker Dock w/ Antique Phonograph by ReAcoustic, $547 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/d4/46/44/d44644d38013a569e00bbd125653c1a6.jpg

Dock Utilizing a Vintage Antique Atwater Kent Gramophone Phonograph

Dock Utilizing a Vintage Antique Atwater Kent Gramophone Phonograph https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/12/10/e5/1210e508e40419ebd147efd9a2e8a8b5.jpg

Antique Phonographs, Photos Gramophones, Victrolas, Photos

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