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Linn Products antique phonograph

The phonograph is a tool developed in 1877 for the mechanical taking and duplication of sound. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are documented as equivalent physical deviations of your spiral groove imprinted, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of your revolving disc or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the top is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and it is therefore vibrated by it, very reproducing the saved sound faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air by using a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the motions of the stylus are changed into an analogous electronic signal by way of a transducer, transformed back into sound by way of a loudspeaker then.

The phonograph was developed in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors got produced devices that may record does sound, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to be able to reproduce the documented audio. His phonograph formerly recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a rotating cylinder. A stylus responding to reasonable vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove around the record.

Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the change from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove working from the periphery to near to the center. Later improvements through the entire years included modifications to the turntable and its drive system, the needle or stylus, and the equalization and audio systems.

The disk phonograph record was the dominant audio taking format throughout most of the 20th hundred years. Through the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined because of the rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Records remain a popular format for some audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are still employed by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of musicians are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.

Using terminology is not homogeneous over the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is often called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine within a DJ setup, turntables are often called "decks".

The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photo ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and phone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been inspired by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times taken an advert for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Teachers Connection tabled a motion to "employ a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.

Probably, any device used to track record audio or reproduce noted audio could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the expressed word has come to suggest traditional technologies of audio saving, including audio-frequency modulations of any physical groove or trace.

In the past due 19th and early 20th hundreds of years, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various creators of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so substantial use was made of the generic term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lip area - a potential way to obtain misunderstanding both and today then.

In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, that have been popularized and released in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed that it had turn into a generic term; it's been so used in the UK & most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines that used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the advantages of the softer vinyl fabric data, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song information, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, may also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more specialized term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as in British English.

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