Goldring antique phonograph
The phonograph is a tool developed in 1877 for the mechanical duplication and saving of sound. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are noted as related physical deviations of any spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of your spinning disc or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is likewise rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the documented audio. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air via a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electro-mechanical signal with a transducer, then transformed back into sound by way of a loudspeaker.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors acquired produced devices which could record sounds, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the noted audio. His phonograph formerly recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a rotating cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to reasonable vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove throughout the record.
In the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the change from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to nearby the center. Later advancements over time included alterations to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, and the equalization and sound systems.
The disc phonograph record was the dominant audio recording format throughout most of the 20th hundred years. From your mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply as a result of rise of the cassette tape, compact disc and other digital tracking formats. Files are still a popular format for a few audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are still employed by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of musicians are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.
Using terminology is not consistent across the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is named a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ setup, turntables tend to be called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "tone of voice") and graphophone have similar main meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and telephone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been affected by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times taken an ad for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Professors Association tabled a motion to "employ a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to record audio or reproduce noted sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the expressed phrase has come to mean traditional systems of audio saving, regarding audio-frequency modulations of any physical track or groove.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brand names specific to various manufacturers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so sizeable use was made of the universal term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lip area - a potential source of dilemma both and now then.
In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, that have been popularized and created in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed that this had become a generic term; it has been so used in the UK & most Commonwealth countries ever since. The word "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. After the introduction of the softer vinyl fabric information, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing information) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song records, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a far more technical term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as with British English.
Antique Reproduction RCA Victor Phonograph Gramophone Gold Brass Horn
http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41hGjpl2E9L._SY300_.jpgAntique Morning Glory Phonograph Horn // Edison Style early 1900s
https://img0.etsystatic.com/020/1/5660493/il_570xN.526676870_js1v.jpgAntique Recorded Music Page
http://www.wkinsler.com/phonographs/P3090167.JPGhold about 10 records. Above right , the Goldring trademark decal
http://www.wkinsler.com/phonographs/P1011079.JPGOIP.M25bcaa0831b58314020a961936e6975bo0
1B9444674AB7FF020B8AC6072AC8D44416C33AE11http://www.shop.com/Antique+Replica+Rca+Victor+Phonograph+Gramophone+with+Large+Gold+Brass+Horn-920925711-p+.xhtml
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