Best Antique Phonograph

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At the start of a new school year, it’s common for teachers to send

Posted by : Laila May 29, 2016

At the start of a new school year, it’s common for teachers to sendhttp://www.smartclassroommanagement.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/bang.jpg

Bang & Olufsen antique phonograph

The phonograph is a device developed in 1877 for the mechanical saving and duplication of audio. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are noted as related physical deviations of any spiral groove etched, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of the rotating cylinder or disk, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove which is therefore vibrated because of it, very faintly reproducing the saved sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air by way of a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the motions of the stylus are converted into an analogous electro-mechanical signal by the transducer, then modified back to sound by the loudspeaker.

The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors acquired produced devices that can record sounds, Edison's phonograph was the first to have the ability to reproduce the documented audio. His phonograph actually recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a revolving cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to sound vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove across the record.

Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the change from phonograph cylinders to level discs with a spiral groove operating from the periphery to close to the center. Later improvements through the entire years included improvements to the turntable and its own drive system, the needle or stylus, and the equalization and sound systems.

The disk phonograph record was the dominating audio taking format throughout almost all of the 20th century. From the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply due to rise of the cassette tape, compact disc and other digital saving formats. Files remain a well liked format for some audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are still employed by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of music artists are re-issued on vinyl fabric sometimes.

Usage of terminology is not standard over the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ installation, turntables tend to be called "decks".

The word phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar main meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and mobile phone ("distant sound"). The brand new term may have been affected by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times carried an advertisement for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Instructors Association tabled a motion to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.

Probably, any device used to track record sound or reproduce noted audio could be called a type of "phonograph", but in common practice the portrayed word has come to mean traditional technologies of sound documenting, involving audio-frequency modulations of an physical groove or track.

In the past due 19th and early on 20th hundreds of years, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brand names specific to various makers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so significant use was made of the common term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain confusion both then and now.

In British British, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were introduced and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed it had become a generic term; it has been so used in the UK and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The word "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. Following the benefits of the softer vinyl fabric records, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song documents, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such something began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian English, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a more technological term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used such as British English.