antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device developed in 1877 for the mechanical reproduction and tracking of sound. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as equivalent physical deviations of any spiral groove imprinted, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of any revolving cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and it is therefore vibrated by it, very reproducing the documented audio faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air through a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the motions of the stylus are changed into an analogous electronic signal with a transducer, then turned back into sound by way of a loudspeaker.
The phonograph was created in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors experienced produced devices which could record noises, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the documented sound. His phonograph at first recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet twisted around a spinning cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to appear vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove around the record.
In the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the change from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to nearby the center. Later advancements through the years included adjustments to the turntable and its own drive system, the needle or stylus, and the equalization and sound systems.
The disc phonograph record was the prominent audio saving format throughout almost all of the 20th century. In the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply because of the rise of the cassette tape, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Information remain a well liked format for a few audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are still utilized by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of musicians are occasionally re-issued on vinyl fabric.
Usage of terminology is not even across the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is categorised as a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ set up, turntables are often called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar main meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photo ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and telephone ("distant sound"). The brand new term might have been affected by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times carried an ad for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Professors Connection tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to track record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to track record audio or reproduce noted sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the term has come to indicate ancient technology of sound saving, including audio-frequency modulations of the physical track or groove.
In the past due 19th and early 20th ages, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various designers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so sizeable use was made of the generic term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lip area - a potential source of misunderstanding both and today then.
In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, that have been popularized and presented in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed that it had turn into a generic term; it's been so used in the united kingdom & most Commonwealth countries since. The word "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the advantages of the softer vinyl fabric records, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing documents) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song data, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such a system began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian English, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a far more technical term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as with British English.
Collender cabinet crank phonograph with records; Antique Helper
http://antiquehelper.rfcsystems.com/Full/086/84086.jpgCanadianquot; Canadian Antique Phonograph Project
http://keithwright.ca/CAPP/Canadian/Canadian%20b.JPGGunnSonolaCanadian Antique Phonograph Project
http://keithwright.ca/CAPP/Gunn%20Son%20Ola/ADVL000a00fq.jpgOld Phonograph Photograph Old Phonograph by Mike McGlothlen
http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/old-phonograph-mike-mcglothlen.jpgOIP.M28c020ea6034b510b527747305182ac2H0
667B4D68EB944ACBABD3561E58A43C25FE868F7EBhttp://www.antiquephono.org/encountering-antique-phonographs/
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I have what I think is an antique Victrola. STARR The singing throat of the star photograph silver grain spruce. I'd just like to know what it is. I can send pics. treeslayer48@gmail.com
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