Connoisseur antique phonograph
The phonograph is a tool invented in 1877 for the mechanised duplication and tracking of sound. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are documented as matching physical deviations of the spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a spinning disk or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the top is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove which is therefore vibrated by it, very reproducing the noted audio faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air by using a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the movements of the stylus are changed into an analogous electro-mechanical signal by way of a transducer, changed back to audio with a loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors possessed produced devices that could record looks, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to have the ability to reproduce the documented sound. His phonograph at first recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a spinning cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to sound vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove surrounding the record.
Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the changeover from phonograph cylinders to smooth discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to near to the center. Later advancements through the entire years included adjustments to the turntable and its own drive system, the stylus or needle, and the sound and equalization systems.
The disc phonograph record was the dominating audio saving format throughout most of the 20th hundred years. From mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined due to rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Information remain a popular format for some audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are still utilized by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of musicians are occasionally re-issued on vinyl.
Using terminology is not uniform across the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is categorised as a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ setup, turntables tend to be called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photo ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and phone ("distant sound"). The new term may have been influenced by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times carried an advertisements for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Teachers Association tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to record sound or reproduce documented audio could be called a type of "phonograph", however in common practice the expressed word has come to mean historic systems of audio documenting, concerning audio-frequency modulations of a physical trace or groove.
In the late 19th and early 20th ages, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brand names specific to various designers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so sizeable use was made of the universal term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and mouth - a potential source of distress both and today then.
In British English, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, that have been unveiled and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed that it had turn into a generic term; it has been so used in the UK and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines that used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. After the launch of the softer vinyl details, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing data) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song information, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more technical term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as in British English.
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