Clearaudio Electronic antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device created in 1877 for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are documented as matching physical deviations of the spiral groove imprinted, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of the rotating disk or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the top is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove which is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air through the flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electric powered signal by the transducer, converted back into sound by way of a loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was created in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors experienced produced devices which could record looks, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the documented sound. His phonograph actually recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a spinning cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to sound vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove across the record.
Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the changeover from phonograph cylinders to level discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to nearby the center. Later advancements through the years included changes to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, and the sound and equalization systems.
The disc phonograph record was the prominent audio saving format throughout almost all of the 20th hundred years. In the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined because of the rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital taking formats. Files are still a well liked format for some audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of music artists are re-issued on vinyl fabric sometimes.
Usage of terminology is not even over the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixer within a DJ set up, turntables are often called "decks".
The term phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "tone") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and telephone ("distant sound"). The brand new term might have been inspired by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times taken an ad for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Teachers Connection tabled a motion to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Arguably, any device used to record audio or reproduce documented sound could be called a type of "phonograph", but in common practice the term has come to indicate ancient systems of sound tracking, affecting audio-frequency modulations of a physical trace or groove.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brand names specific to various producers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so appreciable use was manufactured from the common term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain confusion both then and today.
In British English, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, which were released and popularized in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed which it had turn into a generic term; it has been so used in the united kingdom & most Commonwealth countries ever since. The term "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. After the benefits of the softer vinyl files, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing documents) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song details, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a far more technological term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used such as British English.
Vintage Spear Electronic Phonograph, Child39;s 45 Record Player, Party
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