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Akai (recording) antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device developed in 1877 for the mechanised reproduction and taking of sound. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are documented as related physical deviations of any spiral groove imprinted, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of your revolving cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the surface is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the saved sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through the flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electric signal with a transducer, then turned back to audio by way of a loudspeaker.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors experienced produced devices that could record may seem, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to have the ability to reproduce the registered sound. His phonograph actually recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a rotating cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to appear vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove around the record.
Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the change from phonograph cylinders to smooth discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to near to the center. Later advancements through the full years included alterations to the turntable and its drive system, the needle or stylus, and the equalization and sound systems.
The disk phonograph record was the dominant audio tracking format throughout the majority of the 20th century. From mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined because of the rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disc and other digital recording formats. Data are a popular format for some audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of music artists are re-issued on vinyl fabric sometimes.
Using terminology is not standard across the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is categorised as a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ set up, turntables are often called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photo ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and telephone ("distant sound"). The new term may have been affected by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times taken an ad for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Professors Connection tabled a motion to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to record audio or reproduce noted audio could be called a type of "phonograph", but in common practice the word has come to mean historic technology of sound taking, affecting audio-frequency modulations of your physical trace or groove.
In the past due 19th and early on 20th hundreds of years, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brand names specific to various producers of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so significant use was manufactured from the general term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain dilemma both and today then.
In British English, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, that have been released and popularized in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed it had become a generic term; it's been so used in the UK & most Commonwealth countries ever since. The term "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the release of the softer vinyl fabric data, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song files, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian English, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more technological term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.
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