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Denon antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device developed in 1877 for the mechanical reproduction and tracking of audio. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are documented as corresponding physical deviations of any spiral groove etched, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of your revolving cylinder or disk, called a "record". To recreate the audio, the top is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the noted sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air via a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the motions of the stylus are changed into an analogous electric signal by the transducer, then turned back to audio by the loudspeaker.
The phonograph was created in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors experienced produced devices that may record noises, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the registered audio. His phonograph originally recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet twisted around a rotating cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to appear vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove round the record.
In the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the change from phonograph cylinders to toned discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near to the center. Later advancements over time included alterations to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, and the equalization and audio systems.
The disk phonograph record was the prominent audio saving format throughout the majority of the 20th hundred years. From the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined due to rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disc and other digital taking formats. Files are still a popular format for some audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are still employed by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of musicians are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.
Using terminology is not even over the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is categorised as a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixer within a DJ setup, turntables tend to be called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "speech") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and telephone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been affected by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times transported an advert for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Professors Connection tabled a movement to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Arguably, any device used to record sound or reproduce noted audio could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the term has come to indicate historic solutions of sound taking, relating audio-frequency modulations of the physical trace or groove.
In the late 19th and early 20th ages, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brand names specific to various creators of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so substantial use was made of the general term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lip area - a potential way to obtain distress both and today then.
In British English, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were introduced and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed so it had become a generic term; it's been so used in the united kingdom and most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. Following the intro of the softer vinyl fabric details, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing information) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song records, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such a system began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a more technical term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as in British English.
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