Country USA Manufacture Columbia Phonograph Company Produced Date 1905http://www.antiqpedia.com/admin/pictures/articles/83/7d108db512f6a6a929cd0d0ad3b593e8.jpeg
Columbia Phonograph Company antique phonograph
The phonograph is a device invented in 1877 for the mechanical reproduction and recording of audio. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of your spiral groove imprinted, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of a revolving cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated because of it, very faintly reproducing the noted audio. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air via a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the movements of the stylus are changed into an analogous electric signal by a transducer, changed back to audio with a loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors had produced devices that may record looks, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the registered audio. His phonograph formerly recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a rotating cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to sound vibrations produced an up and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove throughout the record.
Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the changeover from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near to the center. Later advancements through the entire years included adjustments to the turntable and its own drive system, the stylus or needle, and the equalization and sound systems.
The disc phonograph record was the dominating audio saving format throughout most of the 20th century. From your mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined because of the rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disc and other digital saving formats. Details remain a well liked format for some audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of musicians are re-issued on vinyl fabric sometimes.
Usage of terminology is not uniform across the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ setup, turntables tend to be called "decks".
The term phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "tone") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and phone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been affected by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times transported an advertisement for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Professors Relationship tabled a motion to "employ a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to record sound or reproduce saved sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the indicated term has come to imply ancient solutions of sound recording, regarding audio-frequency modulations of a physical groove or track.
In the later 19th and early 20th hundreds of years, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brand names specific to various producers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so considerable use was made of the general term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential source of confusion both then and now.
In British British, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, that have been released and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed which it had become a generic term; it's been so used in the UK & most Commonwealth countries ever since. The word "phonograph" was usually limited to machines that used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. After the release of the softer vinyl data, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song documents, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, may also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such a system began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian English, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more specialized term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.
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