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List of phonograph manufacturers Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Posted by : Laila July 10, 2016

List of phonograph manufacturers Wikipedia, the free encyclopediahttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Columbia_Grafonola_1912SAP_ad.jpg/200px-Columbia_Grafonola_1912SAP_ad.jpg

Garrard Engineering and Manufacturing Company antique phonograph

The phonograph is a device invented in 1877 for the mechanised taking and duplication of audio. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as matching physical deviations of your spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of your revolving cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the top is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated by it, very reproducing the saved audio faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air by way of a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the motions of the stylus are changed into an analogous electrical power signal by way of a transducer, converted back into sound by way of a loudspeaker then.

The phonograph was created in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors got produced devices that can record may seem, Edison's phonograph was the first to have the ability to reproduce the documented sound. His phonograph formerly recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a revolving cylinder. A stylus responding to acoustics vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove about the record.

Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the changeover from phonograph cylinders to chiseled discs with a spiral groove operating from the periphery to near to the center. Later improvements through the full years included changes to the turntable and its drive system, the needle or stylus, and the equalization and audio systems.

The disc phonograph record was the prominent audio tracking format throughout most of the 20th hundred years. From mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined as a result of rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital saving formats. Details are still a favorite format for some audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of musicians are re-issued on vinyl fabric sometimes.

Using terminology is not consistent over the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is named a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ set up, turntables tend to be called "decks".

The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and mobile phone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been influenced by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times transported an advert for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Educators Connection tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.

Arguably, any device used to record audio or reproduce saved sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the term has come to imply historical systems of acoustics taking, involving audio-frequency modulations of the physical groove or track.

In the later 19th and early on 20th centuries, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brand names specific to various producers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so considerable use was manufactured from the universal term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential source of confusion both then and now.

In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, that have been released and popularized in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed it had become a generic term; it's been so used in the united kingdom & most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines that used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. After the introduction of the softer vinyl files, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song records, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian British, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a more technical term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.