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Posted by : Laila August 15, 2016

Lot 847: Columbia Phonograph Co. GraphophoneLot 847: Columbia Phonograph Co. Graphophonehttp://caseantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/auctions/2015_07_18/847_1.jpg

Columbia Graphophone Company antique phonograph

The phonograph is a device created in 1877 for the mechanical reproduction and taking of sound. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are saved as matching physical deviations of your spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of an revolving disk or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is likewise rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated because of it, very faintly reproducing the noted audio. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air via a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the motions of the stylus are changed into an analogous electrical signal by way of a transducer, modified back into audio with a loudspeaker then.

The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors experienced produced devices that could record may seem, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to have the ability to reproduce the saved audio. His phonograph formerly recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet twisted around a revolving cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to reasonable vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove across the record.

In the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the move from phonograph cylinders to toned discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near to the center. Later improvements through the years included adjustments to the turntable and its own drive system, the needle or stylus, and the equalization and sound systems.

The disk phonograph record was the dominating audio recording format throughout almost all of the 20th hundred years. From your mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined as a result of rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital tracking formats. Records are a favorite format for some audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of music artists are occasionally re-issued on vinyl.

Usage of terminology is not even over the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is often called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ set up, turntables tend to be called "decks".

The word phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and phone ("distant sound"). The new term may have been inspired by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times transported an advert for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Teachers Relationship tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.

Probably, any device used to track record audio or reproduce documented sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the term has come to imply historical solutions of reasonable taking, involving audio-frequency modulations of a physical trace or groove.

In the past due 19th and early on 20th hundreds of years, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brand names specific to various creators of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so extensive use was manufactured from the general term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain confusion both then and now.

In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, that have been unveiled and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed that it had turn into a generic term; it has been so used in the united kingdom & most Commonwealth countries ever since. The word "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. Following the advantages of the softer vinyl fabric records, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing documents) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song details, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such something began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian English, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a more technological term; "gramophone" was limited to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.

1914 Ad Antique Columbia Graphophone Phonograph Pavlowa Musical

1914 Ad Antique Columbia Graphophone Phonograph Pavlowa Musical http://c590298.r98.cf2.rackcdn.com/CSM1_079.JPG

Phonograph Restoration phonograph restoration, Victrola, Columbia

Phonograph Restoration  phonograph restoration, Victrola, Columbia http://www.shenandoahrestoration.com/images/P1010709.JPG

Graphophone39; Free Standing Phonograph by The Columbia Phonograph Co

 Graphophone39; Free Standing Phonograph by The Columbia Phonograph Cohttp://c0728562.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/SC221175_HR.jpg

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