Best Antique Phonograph

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Bang & Olufsen antique phonograph

The phonograph is a tool created in 1877 for the mechanised reproduction and recording of sound. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are noted as corresponding physical deviations of the spiral groove etched, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of an rotating disk or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the documented audio. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air by way of a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electric signal with a transducer, changed back to sound by a loudspeaker then.

The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors got produced devices that could record tones, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the noted sound. His phonograph formerly recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a rotating cylinder. A stylus responding to sensible vibrations produced an up and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove across the record.

In the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the move from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove operating from the periphery to near to the center. Later improvements through the full years included improvements to the turntable and its own drive system, the stylus or needle, and the audio and equalization systems.

The disc phonograph record was the prominent audio taking format throughout most of the 20th century. From the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined as a result of rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Documents remain a favorite format for a few audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are still employed by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of music artists are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.

Usage of terminology is not even across the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is categorised as a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixing machine within a DJ setup, turntables are often called "decks".

The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "notice" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and mobile phone ("distant sound"). The brand new term might have been affected by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times taken an advertisements for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Educators Association tabled a movement to "employ a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.

Probably, any device used to track record audio or reproduce recorded audio could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the term has come to signify historic systems of reasonable saving, concerning audio-frequency modulations of the physical trace or groove.

In the late 19th and early on 20th ages, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brands specific to various producers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so appreciable use was made of the general term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lip area - a potential way to obtain misunderstanding both and today then.

In British British, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, which were popularized and introduced in the united kingdom by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed that it had turn into a generic term; it's been so used in the united kingdom & most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines that used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. Following the release of the softer vinyl fabric details, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing files) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song details, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Usually the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, may also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such a system began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian English, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a more complex term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanised (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as in British English.