456: Phonograph quot;Columbia Graphophone BF Peerlessquot; c. : Lot 456https://p2.liveauctioneers.com/364/2353/1017999_1_l.jpg
Columbia Graphophone Company antique phonograph
The phonograph is a tool invented in 1877 for the mechanised tracking and reproduction of audio. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are noted as related physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of a rotating disk or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the top is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the registered sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air by having a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electric signal by way of a transducer, turned back to sound with a loudspeaker then.
The phonograph was created in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors got produced devices that could record tones, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the documented sound. His phonograph actually recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a revolving cylinder. A stylus giving an answer to appear vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove round the record.
Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to toned discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to close to the center. Later advancements over time included alterations to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, and the equalization and sound systems.
The disc phonograph record was the prominent audio saving format throughout the majority of the 20th hundred years. Through the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply due to rise of the cassette tape, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Details are a popular format for some audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of musicians are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.
Usage of terminology is not consistent over the English-speaking world (see below). In newer usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixer within a DJ set up, turntables are often called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "tone") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The origins were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and telephone ("distant sound"). The brand new term might have been influenced by the existing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times carried an ad for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Educators Connection tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to track record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to track record sound or reproduce recorded sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", but in common practice the term has come to suggest traditional systems of acoustics tracking, concerning audio-frequency modulations of a physical trace or groove.
In the overdue 19th and early on 20th centuries, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and so on were still brands specific to various creators of sometimes completely different (i.e. cylinder and disk) machines; so significant use was made of the universal term "talking machine", especially in print. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and mouth - a potential source of dilemma both and today then.
In British English, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disk records, which were popularized and presented in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of that company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed so it had become a generic term; it has been so used in the UK and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The word "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally referred to a wind-up machine. After the release of the softer vinyl fabric records, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing data) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song documents, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, may also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such something began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more technical term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.
Antique Columbia Type Q Cylinder Phonograph Graphophone Early Model
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576A84A9A16353B59238CAAFB88958357A9AF7BA2https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/1017999_phonograph-columbia-graphophone-bf-peerless-c
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