Best Antique Phonograph

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Columbia Graphophonequot; Phonograph : Lot 480

Posted by : Laila August 23, 2016

Columbia Graphophonequot; Phonograph : Lot 480http://p2.la-img.com/364/40452/17378176_1_l.jpg

Columbia Graphophone Company antique phonograph

The phonograph is a tool developed in 1877 for the mechanised reproduction and saving of sound. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as matching physical deviations of an spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed in to the surface of any spinning disc or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is in the same way rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is also therefore vibrated because of it, very faintly reproducing the noted sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air by way of a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the motions of the stylus are converted into an analogous electric signal with a transducer, turned back to audio by way of a loudspeaker then.

The phonograph was created in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors experienced produced devices which could record looks, Edison's phonograph was the first to have the ability to reproduce the recorded sound. His phonograph formerly recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet covered around a rotating cylinder. A stylus responding to sound vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved laterally in a "zig zag" groove surrounding the record.

Within the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to close to the center. Later advancements through the years included alterations to the turntable and its own drive system, the needle or stylus, and the audio and equalization systems.

The disk phonograph record was the dominant audio saving format throughout most of the 20th century. From the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply as a result of rise of the cassette tape, compact disk and other digital recording formats. Data are a favorite format for some audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The initial recordings of music artists are re-issued on vinyl sometimes.

Usage of terminology is not standard across the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is often called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixing machine as part of a DJ set up, turntables are often called "decks".

The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "voice") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and phone ("distant sound"). The new term might have been influenced by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which described a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 THE BRAND NEW York Times transported an advert for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the New York State Instructors Connection tabled a action to "hire a phonographic recorder" to track record its meetings.

Arguably, any device used to track record sound or reproduce saved audio could be called a kind of "phonograph", however in common practice the word has come to indicate historic technology of acoustics taking, relating audio-frequency modulations of any physical track or groove.

In the later 19th and early on 20th generations, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various manufacturers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so significant use was manufactured from the general term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain confusion both then and now.

In British British, "gramophone" may make reference to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, that have been released and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed which it had become a generic term; it's been so used in the UK and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The word "phonograph" was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the introduction of the softer vinyl fabric records, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing documents) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song data, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such a system began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian English, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more technological term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used just as British English.