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vintage record player A Wise Woman Buiℓds Her Home Pinterest

Posted by : Laila June 27, 2016

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91 days antique phonograph

The phonograph is a tool developed in 1877 for the mechanical taking and reproduction of audio. In its later forms additionally it is called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are documented as related physical deviations of an spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of an revolving cylinder or disk, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the top is likewise rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated because of it, very reproducing the noted sound faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air by using a flaring horn, or right to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the motions of the stylus are changed into an analogous electric powered signal by the transducer, then transformed back into audio with a loudspeaker.

The phonograph was created in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors experienced produced devices that could record noises, Edison's phonograph was the first ever to be able to reproduce the documented sound. His phonograph originally recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a revolving cylinder. A stylus responding to sound vibrations produced an and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil up. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove throughout the record.

In the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the change from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove jogging from the periphery to close to the center. Later improvements through the full years included improvements to the turntable and its own drive system, the stylus or needle, and the audio and equalization systems.

The disc phonograph record was the dominant audio taking format throughout the majority of the 20th century. From the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined due to rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disc and other digital recording formats. Files remain a favorite format for a few audiophiles and DJs. Vinyl records are being used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances still. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of musicians are occasionally re-issued on vinyl.

Using terminology is not uniform over the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is called a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When used in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ set up, turntables are often called "decks".

The word phonograph ("sound writing") was produced from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related terms gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "tone") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The root base were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and phone ("distant sound"). The brand new term may have been inspired by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to a system of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times taken an advert for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Professors Association tabled a motion to "hire a phonographic recorder" to track record its meetings.

Probably, any device used to record audio or reproduce noted sound could be called a type of "phonograph", but in common practice the expressed phrase has come to signify ancient technology of audio recording, involving audio-frequency modulations of the physical groove or track.

In the overdue 19th and early 20th hundreds of years, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brands specific to various designers of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so appreciable use was made of the common term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to refer to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential source of confusion both then and today.

In British English, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, that have been created and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, but in 1910 an English court decision decreed that this had turn into a generic term; it's been so used in the UK & most Commonwealth countries since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines which used cylinder records.

"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. Following the launch of the softer vinyl information, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing details) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song information, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the common name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of something that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might also play audiotape cassettes. From about 1960, such a system began to be described as a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).

In Australian English, "record player" was the word; "turntable" was a more technical term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as in British English.