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IGB Eletrônica antique phonograph
The phonograph is a tool developed in 1877 for the mechanised reproduction and taking of audio. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The audio vibration waveforms are recorded as related physical deviations of a spiral groove etched, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of any spinning disc or cylinder, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove which is therefore vibrated because of it, very reproducing the documented sound faintly. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves that have been coupled to the open air by using a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also called record players (since 1940s) or, lately, turntables), the movements of the stylus are converted into an analogous electronic signal by the transducer, then turned back to sound with a loudspeaker.
The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors acquired produced devices which could record sounds, Edison's phonograph was the first to have the ability to reproduce the noted audio. His phonograph originally recorded audio onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a spinning cylinder. A stylus responding to reasonable vibrations produced an along or hill-and-dale groove in the foil. Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the 1880s, like the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders, and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" groove throughout the record.
Inside the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the changeover from phonograph cylinders to toned discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near the center. Later improvements through the years included improvements to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, and the audio and equalization systems.
The disk phonograph record was the dominant audio tracking format throughout the majority of the 20th century. From your mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined because of the rise of the cassette tape sharply, compact disc and other digital recording formats. Documents are a well liked format for a few audiophiles and DJs still. Vinyl records are still employed by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue steadily to release their recordings on vinyl records. The original recordings of musicians are occasionally re-issued on vinyl.
Using terminology is not standard over the English-speaking world (see below). In more modern usage, the playback device is categorised as a "turntable", "record player", or "record changer". When found in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ set up, turntables are often called "decks".
The word phonograph ("sound writing") was derived from the Greek words ???? (phon?, "sound" or "voice") and ????? (graph?, "writing"). The similar related conditions gramophone (from the Greek ?????? gramma "letter" and ???? ph?n? "words") and graphophone have similar root meanings. The roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as picture ("light writing"), telegraph ("distant writing"), and cell phone ("distant sound"). The brand new term may have been affected by the prevailing words phonographic and phonography, which referred to something of phonetic shorthand; in 1852 The New York Times transported an advertisement for "Professor Webster's phonographic class", and in 1859 the brand new York State Teachers Relationship tabled a motion to "employ a phonographic recorder" to record its meetings.
Probably, any device used to track record audio or reproduce registered sound could be called a kind of "phonograph", but in common practice the word has come to signify ancient technologies of reasonable tracking, concerning audio-frequency modulations of an physical groove or trace.
In the past due 19th and early 20th ages, "Phonograph", "Gramophone", "Graphophone", "Zonophone" and the like were still brand names specific to various creators of sometimes very different (i.e. cylinder and disc) machines; so extensive use was manufactured from the generic term "talking machine", in print especially. "Talking machine" had earlier been used to make reference to complicated devices which produced a crude imitation of speech, by simulating the workings of the vocal cords, tongue, and lips - a potential way to obtain distress both and now then.
In British English, "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, which were introduced and popularized in the UK by the Gramophone Company. Originally, "gramophone" was a proprietary trademark of this company and any use of the name by competing makers of disc records was vigorously prosecuted in the courts, however in 1910 an English court decision decreed which it had become a generic term; it has been so used in the united kingdom and most Commonwealth countries ever since. The term "phonograph" was usually limited to machines which used cylinder records.
"Gramophone" generally described a wind-up machine. After the introduction of the softer vinyl fabric details, 33 1/3-rpm LPs (long-playing files) and 45-rpm "single" or two-song information, and EPs (extended-play recordings), the normal name became "record player" or "turntable". Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio (radiogram) and, later, might play audiotape cassettes also. From about 1960, such a system began to certainly be a "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) or a "stereo" (most systems being stereophonic by the mid-1960s).
In Australian British, "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a far more complex term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used such as British English.
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